Is there never any punishment at Just Culture?

Just Culture protects honest reporting, but does not provide general impunity.

No. A Just Culture prevents an honest report, simple mistake or unintentional violation from automatically leading to punishment. Coaching, extra support or an adapted working method may be necessary; These are measures to ensure safe working, not automatic punishments.

In cases of intentional misconduct, sabotage, deliberate recklessness or serious disregard of a clear risk, action against a person may be appropriate. This first requires an honest investigation into facts, circumstances, training, available resources and comparable previous decisions. Just Culture also does not grant legal immunity: applicable law continues to apply. This balance can be found in Article 16 of Regulation (EU) 376/2014.