What behaviors are part of a Just Culture?

Employees are required to report errors, risks and near-incidents in a timely manner, to express uncertainty, to cooperate in research and to share relevant knowledge. Managers are expected to listen without premature judgment, protect reporters, investigate facts and context and provide feedback on what happens to a report.

The organization should repair structural causes, treat comparable cases equally and make it clear in advance which behavior is unacceptable. Concealing, retaliating, judging the outcome alone or allowing known risks to continue do not fit in with a Just Culture.