Which mistakes undermine a Just Culture?

Common mistakes include: equating Just Culture with never speaking up, setting boundaries only after an incident, confusing the seriousness of the outcome with the culpability of behavior, examining only the last human action and treating similar cases differently. Wide spread of names, leaks of reporting information and a manager who is at the same time directly involved, researcher and decision maker also damage trust.

Another pitfall is asking for reports but not providing feedback or improvements. The reporter then bears the risk while the organization does not fulfill the learning promise. The remedy is verifiable: clear roles, protection of information, timely feedback, visible improvement actions and periodic testing for consistency.